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Systematic Modulation of the Supramolecular Gelation Properties of Bile Acid Alkyl Amides
Author(s) -
Kuosmanen Riikka,
Puttreddy Rakesh,
Rissanen Kari,
Sievänen Elina
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201803151
Subject(s) - deoxycholic acid , alkyl , chemistry , supramolecular chemistry , amide , lithocholic acid , cholic acid , intermolecular force , magic angle spinning , side chain , crystallography , micelle , bile acid , polymer chemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , stereochemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , aqueous solution , polymer , biochemistry
The self‐assembly properties of nine low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs) based on bile acid alkyl amides were studied in detail. Based on the results, the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the steroidal backbone plays a major role in the gelation, although the nature of the aliphatic side chain also modulates the gelation abilities. Of the 50 gel systems studied, 35 are based on lithocholic acid and 15 on cholic acid derivatives. The deoxycholic acid derivatives did not form any gels. The gelation occurred primarily in aromatic solvents and the gels manifested typical fibrous or spherical morphologies. The 13 C cross‐polarized magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR spectra measured on the crystalline materials and the corresponding wet organogels were analogous, suggesting that the chemical environments, that is, the intermolecular interactions found in the two materials were similar. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of all nine bile‐acid amide derivatives studied revealed very similar molecular conformations in the solid state and gave insights into the possible intermolecular interactions in the gel state.