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Synthesis and Characterization of 4‐(1,2,4‐Triazole‐5‐yl)furazan Derivatives as High‐Performance Insensitive Energetic Materials
Author(s) -
Xu Zhen,
Cheng Guangbin,
Yang Hongwei,
Zhang Jiaheng,
Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201801597
Subject(s) - characterization (materials science) , chemistry , 1,2,4 triazole , combinatorial chemistry , triazole , computational chemistry , organic chemistry , nanotechnology , materials science
Abstract 3‐Nitro‐4‐(5‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)furazan ( 2 ), N , N′ ‐bis(trinitroethyl)‐3,5′‐diamino‐4‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)furazan ( 3 ), N , N ′‐bis(trinitroethyl)‐3,5′‐dinitramino‐4‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)furazan ( 4 ) and eighteen nitrogen‐rich salts ( 5 a , 5 b , 5 d–5 i , 5 g‐1 , 6 a – 6 i ) were designed and synthesized. These 4‐(1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐yl)furazan derivatives were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectra, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solid‐state structures of 2 , 5 d , 5 e , 5 h , 5 g‐1 , 6 g , and 6 i were confirmed via single crystal X‐ray analysis. Detonation performance (detonation velocities and pressures) of these energetic compounds was evaluated and the impact and friction sensitivities were measured using standard BAM technology. Some of the compounds, for example, 2 ( D : 9152 m s −1 , P =37.1 GPa) and 4 ( D : 9355 m s −1 , P =40.1 GPa) exhibit excellent detonation performance, which are comparable to the highly explosive benchmarks such as RDX ( D : 8795 m s −1 , P =34.9 GPa) and HMX ( D : 9144 m s −1 , P =39.2 GPa).