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Single‐Molecule Sensing with Nanopore Confinement: From Chemical Reactions to Biological Interactions
Author(s) -
Lin Yao,
Ying YiLun,
Gao Rui,
Long YiTao
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201800669
Subject(s) - nanopore , biomolecule , molecule , nanotechnology , chemical physics , ionic bonding , covalent bond , nanoscopic scale , electron transfer , chemistry , materials science , electrochemistry , electrode , ion , photochemistry , organic chemistry
The nanopore can generate an electrochemical confinement for single‐molecule sensing that help understand the fundamental chemical principle in nanoscale dimensions. By observing the generated ionic current, individual bond‐making and bond‐breaking steps, single biomolecule dynamic conformational changes and electron transfer processes that occur within pore can be monitored with high temporal and current resolution. These single‐molecule studies in nanopore confinement are revealing information about the fundamental chemical and biological processes that cannot be extracted from ensemble measurements. In this Concept article, we introduce and discuss the electrochemical confinement effects on single‐molecule covalent reactions, conformational dynamics of individual molecules and host‐guest interactions in protein nanopores. Then, we extend the concept of nanopore confinement effects to confine electrochemical redox reactions in solid‐state nanopores for developing new sensing mechanisms.