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Phenols as Diamagnetic T 2 ‐Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Author(s) -
Zhang Jia,
Li Yuguo,
Slania Stephanie,
Yadav Nirbhay N.,
Liu Jing,
Wang Rongfu,
Zhang Jianhua,
Pomper Martin G.,
van Zijl Peter C.,
Yang Xing,
Liu Guanshu
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201705772
Subject(s) - catechol , chemistry , diamagnetism , phenols , phenol , contrast (vision) , nuclear magnetic resonance , magnetic resonance imaging , tyrosinase , organic chemistry , enzyme , magnetic field , medicine , physics , quantum mechanics , radiology , artificial intelligence , computer science
Although T 2 ‐exchange ( T 2ex ) NMR phenomena have been known for decades, there has been a resurgence of interest to develop T 2ex MRI contrast agents. One indispensable advantage of T 2ex MR agents is the possibility of using non‐toxic and/or bio‐compatible diamagnetic compounds with intermediate exchangeable protons. Herein a library of phenol‐based compounds is screened and their T 2ex contrast (exchange relaxivity, r 2ex ) at 9.4 T determined. The T 2ex contrast of phenol protons allows direct detection by MRI at a millimolar concentration level. The effect of chemical modification of the phenol on the T 2ex MRI contrast through modulation of exchange rate and chemical shift was also studied and provides a guideline for use of endogenous and exogenous phenols for T 2ex MRI contrast. As a proof‐of‐principle application, phenol T 2ex contrast can be used to detect enzyme activity in a tyrosinase‐catalyzed catechol oxidation reaction.