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Selection and Screening of DNA Aptamers for Inorganic Nanomaterials
Author(s) -
Zhou Yibo,
Huang Zhicheng,
Yang Ronghua,
Liu Juewen
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201704600
Subject(s) - aptamer , nanotechnology , nanomaterials , systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment , binding affinities , graphene , dna , nanobiotechnology , affinities , carbon nanotube , biosensor , selection (genetic algorithm) , chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , materials science , computational biology , biology , nanoparticle , computer science , genetics , gene , biochemistry , receptor , artificial intelligence , rna
Searching for DNA sequences that can strongly and selectively bind to inorganic surfaces is a long‐standing topic in bionanotechnology, analytical chemistry and biointerface research. This can be achieved either by aptamer selection starting with a very large library of ≈10 14 random DNA sequences, or by careful screening of a much smaller library (usually from a few to a few hundred) with rationally designed sequences. Unlike typical molecular targets, inorganic surfaces often have quite strong DNA adsorption affinities due to polyvalent binding and even chemical interactions. This leads to a very high background binding making aptamer selection difficult. Screening, on the other hand, can be designed to compare relative binding affinities of different DNA sequences and could be more appropriate for inorganic surfaces. The resulting sequences have been used for DNA‐directed assembly, sorting of carbon nanotubes, and DNA‐controlled growth of inorganic nanomaterials. It was recently discovered that poly‐cytosine (C) DNA can strongly bind to a diverse range of nanomaterials including nanocarbons (graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes), various metal oxides and transition‐metal dichalcogenides. In this Concept article, we articulate the need for screening and potential artifacts associated with traditional aptamer selection methods for inorganic surfaces. Representative examples of application are discussed, and a few future research opportunities are proposed towards the end of this article.