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Rational Development of Near‐Infrared Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shifts, Bright One‐Photon, and Two‐Photon Emissions for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications
Author(s) -
Zhou Liyi,
Wang Qianqian,
Tan Yi,
Lang Matthew J.,
Sun Hongyan,
Liu Xiaogang
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201701365
Subject(s) - rational design , fluorescence , infrared , absorption (acoustics) , nanotechnology , photon , biosensor , materials science , near infrared spectroscopy , two photon excitation microscopy , optoelectronics , optics , physics , composite material
Fluorophores with near‐infrared emissions play a crucial role in numerous bioimaging and biosensing applications, owing to their deep penetration depths, low auto‐fluorescence, and minimal tissue damages. Herein, the rational development of a new class of near‐infrared fluorophores with bright one‐photon and two‐photon emissions at ≈740 nm, large Stokes shifts (≈80 nm), significant two‐photon action absorption cross‐section (≈185 GM at 820 nm), excellent water solubility, outstanding photostability, and low toxicity is reported. Their biological applications in mitochondrial labelling, deep tissue imaging, and H 2 S detection in live cells and mice are also demonstrated. In addition, a rational design strategy for enlarging the Stokes shifts and enhancing two‐photon emissions of these fluorophores is presented. These fluorophores will serve as a useful platform for developing novel imaging and sensing agents, and the design methodologies will inspire the molecular engineering of abundant high‐performance near‐infrared fluorophores.