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A Ratiometric Near‐Infrared Fluorogen for the Real Time Visualization of Intracellular Redox Status during Apoptosis
Author(s) -
Saranya Giridharan,
Anees Palapuravan,
Joseph Manu M.,
Maiti Kaustabh K.,
Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201700839
Subject(s) - apoptosis , glutathione , infrared , intracellular , biomarker , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , nanotechnology , redox , biophysics , materials science , biology , biochemistry , optics , physics , enzyme , organic chemistry
Direct monitoring of apoptotic progression is a major step forward for the early assessment of therapeutic efficacy of certain treatments and the accurate evaluation of the spread of a disease. Here, the regulatory role of glutathione (GSH) is explored as a potential biomarker for tracking apoptosis. For this purpose, a near‐ infrared (NIR) squaraine dye is introduced that is capable of sensing GSH in a ratiometric manner by switching its emission from NIR (690 nm) to visible region (560 nm). The favorable biocompatible attributes of the probe facilitated the real‐time monitoring of apoptotic process in line with the conventional apoptotic assay. Furthermore, the robust nature of the probe was utilized for the quantitative estimation of GSH during different stages of apoptosis. Through this study, an easy and reliable method of assaying apoptosis is demonstrated, which can provide valuable insights in translational clinical research.