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Deciphering the Multisite Interactions of a Protein and Its Ligand at Atomic Resolution by Using Sensitive Paramagnetic Effects
Author(s) -
Ma FeiHe,
Wang Xiao,
Chen JiaLiang,
Wen Xin,
Sun Han,
Su XunCheng
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201604393
Subject(s) - paramagnetism , chemistry , crystallography , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , molecular dynamics , binding site , lanthanide , ligand (biochemistry) , relaxation (psychology) , dipicolinic acid , computational chemistry , stereochemistry , biochemistry , ion , social psychology , psychology , physics , receptor , botany , organic chemistry , spore , quantum mechanics , biology
Quantitative analysis of multisite interactions between a protein and its binding partner at atomic resolution is complicated because locating the binding sites is difficult and differentiating the flexibility of each binding site is even more elusive. Introduction of a paramagnetic metal center close to the binding pocket greatly attenuates the signals in the NMR spectrum upon binding. Herein, the multisite binding of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) with lanthanide complexes [Ln(DPA) 3 ] 3− (DPA=dipicolinic acid) was analyzed with sensitive paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) revealed that HEWL interacts with [Ln(DPA) 3 ] 3− at four major binding sites in aqueous solution, which is in contrast to a previous X‐ray structural analysis. The varied binding affinities for the ligands and different flexibilities at each binding site were in good agreement with atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The present work demonstrates that a combination of paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations is a powerful tool to delineate the multisite interactions of a protein with its binding partner at atomic resolution, in terms of both affinity and flexibility.