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Comprehensive Understanding of Structure‐Controlling Factors of a Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin Thin Film Using pMAIRS and GIXD Techniques
Author(s) -
Hada Miyako,
Shioya Nobutaka,
Shimoaka Takafumi,
Eda Kazuo,
Hada Masahiko,
Hasegawa Takeshi
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201603291
Subject(s) - materials science , annealing (glass) , porphyrin , zinc , diffraction , anisotropy , crystal structure , thin film , solvent , crystallography , chemistry , optics , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , composite material , physics , metallurgy
The performance of an organic electronic device is significantly influenced by the anisotropic molecular structure in the film, which has long been difficult to predict especially for a solution process. In the present study, a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) thin film prepared by a solution process was chosen to comprehensively explore the molecular‐arrangement mechanism as a function of representative film‐preparation parameters: solvent, film‐preparation technique, and thermal annealing. The anisotropic structure was first analyzed by using a combination of infrared p‐polarized multiple‐angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS) and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD), which readily revealed the molecular orientation and crystal structure, respectively. As a result, the real dominant factor was found to be the evaporation time of the solvent that determines the initial two different molecular arrangements, types‐I and ‐II, while the thermal annealing was found to play an additional role of improving the molecular order. The correlation between the molecular orientation and the crystal structure was also revealed through the individual orientation analysis of the porphyrin and phenyl rings.