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Labeling and Selective Inactivation of Gram‐Positive Bacteria Employing Bimodal Photoprobes with Dual Readouts
Author(s) -
Galstyan Anzhela,
Block Desiree,
Niemann Silke,
Grüner Malte C.,
Abbruzzetti Stefania,
Oneto Michele,
Daniliuc Constantin G.,
Hermann Sven,
Viappiani Cristiano,
Schäfers Michael,
Löffler Bettina,
Strassert Cristian A.,
Faust Andreas
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201504935
Subject(s) - conjugated system , chemistry , fluorescence , bacteria , gram negative bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , staphylococcus aureus , gram , gram positive bacteria , fluorescence microscope , phototoxicity , biophysics , antibiotics , biochemistry , escherichia coli , in vitro , biology , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , gene , genetics , polymer
Carbohydrate‐conjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanines with bimodal photoactivity were developed as probes with both fluorescent labeling and photosensitizing capabilities, and the concomitant fluorescent labeling and photoinduced inactivation of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative models was explored. The maltohexaose‐conjugated photoprobe provides a dual readout to distinguish between both groups of pathogens, as only the Gram‐positive species was inactivated, even though both appeared labeled with near‐infrared luminescence. Antibiotic resistance did not hinder the phototoxic effect, as even the methicillin‐resistant pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was completely photoinactivated. Time‐resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy analysis suggests that the photoprobe sticks onto the outer rim of the microorganisms, explaining the resistance of Gram‐negative species on the basis of their membrane constitution. The mannose‐conjugated photoprobe yields a different readout because it is able to label and to inactivate only the Gram‐positive strain.