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Hierarchical SnO 2 /Carbon Nanofibrous Composite Derived from Cellulose Substance as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Wang Mengya,
Li Shun,
Zhang Yiming,
Huang Jianguo
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201502833
Subject(s) - materials science , nanocomposite , chemical engineering , anode , nanofiber , lithium (medication) , carbonization , carbon fibers , electrolyte , composite number , carbon nanofiber , calcination , specific surface area , composite material , electrode , scanning electron microscope , carbon nanotube , chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis , medicine , engineering , endocrinology
A hierarchical fibrous SnO 2 /carbon nanocomposite composed of fine SnO 2 nanocrystallites immobilized as a thin layer on a carbon nanofiber surface was synthesized employing natural cellulose substance as both scaffold and carbon source. It was achieved by calcination/carbonization of the as‐deposited SnO 2 ‐gel/cellulose hybrid in an argon atmosphere. As being employed as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the porous structures, small SnO 2 crystallite sizes, and the carbon buffering matrix possessed by the nanocomposite facilitate the electrode–electrolyte contact, promote the electron transfer and Li + diffusion, and relieve the severe volume change and aggregation of the active particles during the charge/discharge cycles. Hence, the nanocomposite showed high reversible capacity, significant cycling stability, and rate capability that are superior to the nanotubular SnO 2 and SnO 2 sol–gel powder counter materials. For such a composite with 27.8 wt % SnO 2 content and 346.4 m 2 g −1 specific surface area, a capacity of 623 mAh g −1 was delivered after 120 cycles at 0.2 C. Further coating of the SnO 2 /carbon nanofibers with an additional carbon layer resulted in an improved cycling stability and rate performance.