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Multiple Multidentate Halogen Bonding in Solution, in the Solid State, and in the (Calculated) Gas Phase
Author(s) -
Jungbauer Stefan H.,
Schindler Severin,
Herdtweck Eberhardt,
Keller Sandro,
Huber Stefan M.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201502043
Subject(s) - denticity , chemistry , halide , iodide , adduct , bromide , halogen , density functional theory , crystallography , halogen bond , phase (matter) , chloride , inorganic chemistry , binding energy , gas phase , computational chemistry , crystal structure , alkyl , organic chemistry , physics , nuclear physics
The binding properties of neutral halogen‐bond donors (XB donors) bearing two multidentate Lewis acidic motifs toward halides were investigated. Employing polyfluorinated and polyiodinated terphenyl and quaterphenyl derivatives as anion receptors, we obtained X‐ray crystallographic data of the adducts of three structurally related XB donors with tetraalkylammonium chloride, bromide, and iodide. The stability of these XB complexes in solution was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and the results were compared to X‐ray analyses as well as to calculated binding patterns in the gas phase. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the gas‐phase complexes indicated that the experimentally observed distortion of the XB donors during multiple multidentate binding can be reproduced in 1:1 complexes with halides, whereas adducts with two halides show a symmetric binding pattern in the gas phase that is markedly different from the solid state structures. Overall, this study demonstrates the limitations in the transferability of binding data between solid state, solution, and gas phase in the study of complex multidentate XB donors.