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Isoenergetic Polymorphism: The Puzzle of Tolazamide as a Case Study
Author(s) -
Boldyreva Elena V.,
Arkhipov Sergey G.,
Drebushchak Tatia.,
Drebushchak Valeri A.,
Losev Evgeniy A.,
Matvienko Alexander A.,
Minkov Vasily S.,
Rychkov Denis A.,
Seryotkin Yurii V.,
Stare Jernej,
Zakharov Boris A.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201501541
Subject(s) - polymorphism (computer science) , crystallography , raman spectroscopy , diffraction , chemistry , materials science , physics , gene , allele , optics , biochemistry
In the present case study of tolazamide we illustrate how many seemingly contradictory results that have been obtained from experimental observations and theoretical calculations can finally start forming a consistent picture: a “puzzle put together”. For many years, tolazamide was considered to have no polymorphs. This made this drug substance unique among the large family of sulfonylureas, which was known to be significantly more prone to polymorphism than many other organic compounds. The present work employs a broad and in‐depth analysis that includes the use of optical microscopy, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopies, DSC, semiempirical PIXEL calculations and DFT of three polymorphs of tolazamide. This case study shows how the polymorphs of a molecular crystal can be overlooked even if discovered serendipitously on one of numerous crystallizations, and how very different molecular packings can be practically isoenergetic but still crystallize quite selectively and transform one into another irreversibly upon heating.