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Divalent Transition‐Metal‐Ion Stress Induces Prodigiosin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor M145: Formation of Coeligiosins
Author(s) -
Morgenstern Anne,
Paetz Christian,
Behrend Anne,
Spiteller Dieter
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201405733
Subject(s) - prodigiosin , streptomyces coelicolor , chemistry , biosynthesis , strain (injury) , divalent , phenotype , biochemistry , metal , stereochemistry , mutant , gene , organic chemistry , biology , anatomy , serratia marcescens , escherichia coli
The bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor M145 reacts to transition‐metal‐ion stress with myriad growth responses, leading to different phenotypes. In particular, in the presence of Co 2+ ions (0.7 m M ) S. coelicolor consistently produced a red phenotype. This phenotype, when compared to the wild type, differed strongly in its production of volatile compounds as well as high molecular weight secondary metabolites. LC‐MS analysis revealed that in the red phenotype the production of the prodigiosins, undecylprodigiosin and streptorubin B, was strongly induced and, in addition, several intense signals appeared in the LC‐MS chromatogram. Using LC‐MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy, two new prodigiosin derivatives were identified, that is, coeligiosin A and B, which contained an additional undecylpyrrolyl side chain attached to the central carbon of the tripyrrole ring system of undecylprodigiosin or streptorubin B. This example demonstrates that environmental factors such as heavy metal ion stress can not only induce the production of otherwise not observed metabolites from so called sleeping genes but alter the products from well‐studied biosynthetic pathways.