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Template‐Free Synthesis of Core–Shell TiO 2 Microspheres Covered with High‐Energy {116}‐Facet‐Exposed N‐Doped Nanosheets and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light
Author(s) -
Chen Qifeng,
Ren Baosheng,
Zhao Yubao,
Xu Xun,
Ge Heyi,
Guan Ruifang,
Zhao Jincai
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201404816
Subject(s) - photocatalysis , materials science , hydrofluoric acid , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , visible spectrum , doping , nanoparticle , rhodamine b , irradiation , catalysis , optoelectronics , chemistry , organic chemistry , physics , nuclear physics , engineering , metallurgy
Core–shell TiO 2 microspheres possess a unique structure and interesting properties, and therefore, they have received much attention. The high‐energy facets of TiO 2 also are being widely studied for the high photocatalytic activities they are associated with. However, the synthesis of the core–shell structure is difficult to achieve and requires multiple‐steps and/or is expensive. Hydrofluoric acid (HF), which is highly corrosive, is usually used in the controlling high‐energy facet production. Therefore, it is still a significant challenge to develop low‐temperature, template‐free, shape‐controlled, and relative green self‐assembly routes for the formation of core–shell‐structured TiO 2 microspheres with high‐energy facets. Here, we report a template‐ and hydrofluoric acid free solvothermal self‐assembly approach to synthesize core–shell TiO 2 microspheres covered with high‐energy {116}‐facet‐exposed nanosheets, an approach in which 1,4‐butanediamine plays a key role in the formation of nanosheets with exposed {116} facets and the doping of nitrogen in situ. In the structure, nanoparticle aggregates and nanosheets with {116} high‐energy facets exposed act as core and shell, respectively. The photocatalytic activity for degradation of 2,4,6‐tribromophenol and Rhodamine B under visible irradiation and UV/Vis irradiation has been examined, and improved photocatalytic activity under visible light owing to the hierarchical core–shell structure, {116}‐plane‐oriented nanosheets, in situ N doping, and large surface areas has been found.