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Phosphorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles by Coordination Cross‐Linking as a Platform for Luminescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s) -
Lu Yang,
Xue Fengfeng,
Zhou Zhiguo,
Shi Min,
Yan Yuping,
Qin Lijie,
Yang Hong,
Yang Shiping
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201404346
Subject(s) - phosphorescence , nanoparticle , hela , biocompatibility , luminescence , photochemistry , ethylene glycol , materials science , fluorescence , nuclear chemistry , chemistry , polymer chemistry , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , biochemistry , physics , optoelectronics , quantum mechanics , cell , metallurgy
Water‐soluble phosphorescent polymeric nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 100 nm were synthesized by a coordination cross‐linking reaction. The pyridine blocks in poly(4‐vinyl pyridine‐ b ‐ethylene oxide) (P4VP‐ b ‐PEO) were cross‐linked by the iridium chloride‐bridged dimer in DMF solution. Owing to the presence of an iridium complex with different ligands in the core of the polymeric nanoparticles, NP‐1, NP‐2, and NP‐3 showed bright green, yellow, and red phosphorescence, respectively. PEG chains in the shell gave the polymeric nanoparticles solubility and biocompatibility, which was confirmed by an MTT assay using HeLa cells as a model cancer cell line. The flow cytometry and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy results revealed NP‐2, as an example, could be effectively uptaken by HeLa cells. Therefore, these polymeric nanoparticles can be used as luminescent probes for living cells. In addition, 1 O 2 could be effectively generated in the presence of NP‐2 upon irradiation with visible light ( λ >400 nm, 300 mW cm −2 ), which was confirmed by a clear decrease in the fluorescence intensity of 9,10‐dimethylanthracene (DMA). After incubation with NP‐2 at a concentration of 200 μg mL −1 for 6 h, approximately 90 % of HeLa cells were effectively ablated upon irradiation with visible light for only 10 min, indicating the potential for photodynamic therapy with polymeric nanoparticles.