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Detecting Enzyme Activities with Exogenous MRI Contrast Agents
Author(s) -
Hingorani Dina V.,
Yoo Byunghee,
Bernstein Adam S.,
Pagel Mark D.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201402474
Subject(s) - enzyme , chemistry , ligand (biochemistry) , magnetic resonance imaging , mri contrast agent , nuclear magnetic resonance , contrast (vision) , enzyme assay , chemical agents , biophysics , biochemistry , gadolinium , organic chemistry , physics , biology , medicine , receptor , radiology , biochemical engineering , engineering , optics
This review focuses on exogenous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that are responsive to enzyme activity. Enzymes can catalyze a change in water access, rotational tumbling time, the proximity of a 19 F‐labeled ligand, the aggregation state, the proton chemical‐exchange rate between the agent and water, or the chemical shift of 19 F, 31 P, 13 C or a labile 1 H of an agent, all of which can be used to detect enzyme activity. The variety of agents attests to the creativity in developing enzyme‐responsive MRI contrast agents.