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Chemical and Toxicological Investigations of a Previously Unknown Poisonous European Mushroom Tricholoma terreum
Author(s) -
Yin Xia,
Feng Tao,
Shang JianHua,
Zhao YunLi,
Wang Fang,
Li ZhengHui,
Dong ZeJun,
Luo XiaoDong,
Liu JiKai
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201400226
Subject(s) - mushroom , mushroom poisoning , triterpenoid , chemistry , agaricales , toxicology , biology , traditional medicine , botany , food science , medicine , stereochemistry , taxonomy (biology)
The established tradition of consuming and marketing wild mushrooms has focused attention on mycotoxicity, which has become a global issue. In the present study, we describe the toxins found in a previously unknown poisonous European mushroom Tricholoma terreum . Fifteen new triterpenoids terreolides A–F ( 1 – 6 ) and saponaceolides H–P ( 8 – 16 ) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the toxic mushroom T. terreum . Terreolides A–C ( 1 – 3 ) possessed a unique 5/6/7 trioxaspiroketal system, whereas terreolides D–F ( 4 – 6 ) possessed an unprecedented carbon skeleton. Two abundant compounds in the mushroom, saponaceolide B ( 7 ) and saponaceolide M ( 13 ), displayed acute toxicity, with LD 50 values of 88.3 and 63.7 mg kg −1 when administered orally in mice. Both compounds were found to increase serum creatine kinase levels in mice, indicating that T. terreum may be the cause of mushroom poisoning ultimately leading to rhabdomyolysis.