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Facile Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nano SnO 2 /Graphene Composite from Coarse Metallic Sn and Graphite Oxide: An Outstanding Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Ye Fei,
Zhao Bote,
Ran Ran,
Shao Zongping
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201304720
Subject(s) - graphene , materials science , oxide , ball mill , composite number , graphite , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , transmission electron microscopy , lithium (medication) , anode , chemical engineering , nanocrystal , scanning electron microscope , nanotechnology , composite material , metallurgy , electrode , chemistry , medicine , endocrinology , engineering
A facile method for the large‐scale synthesis of SnO 2 nanocrystal/graphene composites by using coarse metallic Sn particles and cheap graphite oxide (GO) as raw materials is demonstrated. This method uses simple ball milling to realize a mechanochemical reaction between Sn particles and GO. After the reaction, the initial coarse Sn particles with sizes of 3–30 μm are converted to SnO 2 nanocrystals (approximately 4 nm) while GO is reduced to graphene. Composite with different grinding times (1 h 20 min, 2 h 20 min or 8 h 20 min, abbreviated to 1, 2 or 8 h below) and raw material ratios (Sn:GO, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, w/w) are investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The as‐prepared SnO 2 /graphene composite with a grinding time of 8 h and raw material ratio of 1:1 forms micrometer‐sized architected chips composed of composite sheets, and demonstrates a high tap density of 1.53 g cm −3 . By using such composites as anode material for LIBs, a high specific capacity of 891 mA h g −1 is achieved even after 50 cycles at 100 mA g −1 .