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Reaction of Alkynes and Azides: Not Triazoles Through Copper–Acetylides but Oxazoles Through Copper–Nitrene Intermediates
Author(s) -
Haldón Estela,
Besora Maria,
Cano Israel,
Cambeiro Xacobe C.,
Pericàs Miquel A.,
Maseras Feliu,
Nicasio M. Carmen,
Pérez Pedro J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201303737
Subject(s) - acetylide , nitrene , chemistry , copper , alkyne , azide , regioselectivity , cycloaddition , amine gas treating , combinatorial chemistry , medicinal chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis
Well‐defined copper(I) complexes of composition [Tpm* ,Br Cu(NCMe)]BF 4 (Tpm* ,Br =tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐bromo‐pyrazolyl)methane) or [Tpa * Cu]PF 6 (Tpa * =tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazolylmethyl)amine) catalyze the formation of 2,5‐disubstituted oxazoles from carbonyl azides and terminal alkynes in a direct manner. This process represents a novel procedure for the synthesis of this valuable heterocycle from readily available starting materials, leading exclusively to the 2,5‐isomer, attesting to a completely regioselective transformation. Experimental evidence and computational studies have allowed the proposal of a reaction mechanism based on the initial formation of a copper–acyl nitrene species, in contrast to the well‐known mechanism for the copper‐catalyzed alkyne and azide cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC) that is triggered by the formation of a copper–acetylide complex.