Premium
Ammonia‐Annealed TiO 2 as a Negative Electrode Material in Li‐Ion Batteries: N Doping or Oxygen Deficiency?
Author(s) -
Ventosa Edgar,
Xia Wei,
Klink Stefan,
Mantia Fabio La,
Mei Bastian,
Muhler Martin,
Schuhmann Wolfgang
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201302306
Subject(s) - anatase , annealing (glass) , ammonia , materials science , doping , oxygen , electrode , ion , electrochemistry , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , chemistry , optoelectronics , metallurgy , catalysis , biochemistry , organic chemistry , photocatalysis , engineering
Improving the chemical diffusion of Li ions in anatase TiO 2 is essential to enhance its rate capability as a negative electrode for Li‐ion batteries. Ammonia annealing has been used to improve the rate capability of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . Similarly, ammonia annealing improves the Li‐ion storage performance of anatase TiO 2 in terms of the stability upon cycling and the C‐rate capability. In order to distinguish whether N doping or oxygen deficiencies, both introduced upon ammonia annealing, are more relevant for the observed improvement, a systematic electrochemical study was performed. The results suggest that the creation of oxygen vacancies upon ammonia annealing is the main reason for the improvement of the stability and C‐rate capability.