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Highly Water‐Dispersible Surface‐Modified Gd 2 O 3 Nanoparticles for Potential Dual‐Modal Bioimaging
Author(s) -
Hu Zhangjun,
Ahrén Maria,
Selegård Linnéa,
Skoglund Caroline,
Söderlind Fredrik,
Engström Maria,
Zhang Xuanjun,
Uvdal Kajsa
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201301687
Subject(s) - europium , nanoparticle , gadolinium , materials science , luminescence , biocompatibility , fluorescence , conjugated system , dispersity , nanotechnology , nuclear chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , polymer , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , optics , physics , metallurgy , composite material , optoelectronics
Water‐dispersible and luminescent gadolinium oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) were designed and synthesized for potential dual‐modal biological imaging. They were obtained by capping gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with a fluorescent glycol‐based conjugated carboxylate (H L ). The obtained nanoparticles (GO‐ L ) show long‐term colloidal stability and intense blue fluorescence. In addition, L can sensitize the luminescence of europium(III) through the so‐called antenna effect. Thus, to extend the spectral ranges of emission, europium was introduced into L‐ modified gadolinium oxide nanoparticles. The obtained Eu III ‐doped particles (Eu:GO‐ L ) can provide visible red emission, which is more intensive than that without L capping. The average diameter of the monodisperse modified oxide cores is about 4 nm. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the L ‐modified nanoparticles was estimated to be about 13 nm. The nanoparticles show effective longitudinal water proton relaxivity. The relaxivity values obtained for GO‐ L and Eu:GO‐ L were r 1 =6.4 and 6.3 s −1 m M −1 with r 2 / r 1 ratios close to unity at 1.4 T. Longitudinal proton relaxivities of these nanoparticles are higher than those of positive contrast agents based on gadolinium complexes such as Gd‐DOTA, which are commonly used for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, these particles are suitable for cellular imaging and show good biocompatibility.