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Surface Diels–Alder Reactions as an Effective Method to Synthesize Functional Carbon Materials
Author(s) -
Kaper Helena,
Grandjean Agnes,
Weidenthaler Claudia,
Schüth Ferdi,
Goettmann Frédéric
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201102718
Subject(s) - thermogravimetric analysis , surface modification , sorption , knoevenagel condensation , carbon fibers , zeta potential , adsorption , reactivity (psychology) , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chemistry , aqueous solution , materials science , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , organic chemistry , catalysis , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology , composite number , nanoparticle , engineering , composite material
The post‐synthesis chemical modification of various porous carbon materials with unsaturated organic compounds is reported. By this method, amine, alcohol, carboxylate, and sulfonic acid functional groups can be easily incorporated into the materials. Different carbonaceous materials with surface areas ranging from 240 to 1500 m 2 g −1 and pore sizes between 3.0 and 7.0 nm have been studied. The resulting materials were analyzed by elemental analysis, nitrogen sorption, FTIR spectroscopy, zeta‐potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, photoelectron spectroscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. These analyses indicated that the degree of functionalization is dependent on the nature of the dienophile (reactivity, steric hindrance) and the porosity of the carbon material. As possible applications, the functionalized carbonaceous materials were studied as catalysts in the Knoevenagel reaction and as adsorbents for Pb 2+ from aqueous solution.