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Energetic Salts Based on Dipicrylamine and Its Amino Derivative
Author(s) -
Huang Haifeng,
Zhou Zhiming,
Song Jinhong,
Liang Lixuan,
Wang Kai,
Cao Dan,
Sun Wenwen,
Dong Xuemin,
Xue Min
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201101411
Subject(s) - derivative (finance) , eutectic system , detonation , chemistry , single crystal , inorganic chemistry , materials science , nuclear chemistry , crystallography , organic chemistry , explosive material , microstructure , financial economics , economics
Energetic salts based on dipicrylamine and its amino derivative were synthesized. All salts were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), and elemental analysis. Ethylenediammonium di‐DPA (DPA=dipicrylamine) and 1,3‐diaminoguanidinium DPA were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These salts exhibit reasonable physical properties, such as high densities (1.71–1.81 g cm −3 ), good thermal stabilities ( T d =155–285 °C), and low solubilities in water. The impact sensitivity of 1‐methyl‐3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium DPA is lower than that of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), and for some other energetic salts their impact sensitivities are comparable to that of TNT. Based on experimental densities and theoretical calculations carried out by using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs, all the salts have calculated detonation pressures (22.5–27.8 GPa) and velocities (7226–7917 m s −1 ) that exceed those of conventional TNT. The toxicities of these salts measured by luminescent bacteria toxicity tests are much lower than that of TNT, and two binary eutectic mixtures with melting points that fall between 70 and 100 °C were identified.