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Dimeric Calixarenes: A New Family of Major‐Groove Binders
Author(s) -
Hu Wenbin,
Blecking Caroline,
Kralj Marijeta,
Šuman Lidija,
Piantanida Ivo,
Schrader Thomas
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201100634
Subject(s) - chemistry , calixarene , ethidium bromide , dimer , crystallography , dna , stereochemistry , cationic polymerization , base pair , porphyrin , hydrogen bond , oligonucleotide , affinities , oligomer , proton nmr , fluorescence , photochemistry , polymer chemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
A new class of potent DNA binding agents is presented. Dimeric calix[4]arenes with cationic groups at their upper rims and flexible alkyl bridges can be synthesized from triply acyl‐protected calix[4]arene tetramines in relatively short synthetic sequences (3–5 steps). The compounds attach themselves to double‐stranded nucleic acids in a noncovalent fashion, with micro‐ to nanomolar affinities. Guanidinium headgroups with their extended hydrogen‐bonding “fingers” are more powerful than ammonium groups, and the benzylamine series is superior to the anilinium series (see below). The new ligands easily distinguish between RNA and various DNA types, and produce characteristic changes in UV/Vis, fluorescence, CD, as well as NMR spectra. Especially extended oligonucleotides of more than 100 base pairs are bound with affinities increasing from RNA (10 μ M K d )