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3,4,5‐Trinitropyrazole‐Based Energetic Salts
Author(s) -
Zhang Yanqiang,
Guo Yong,
Joo YoungHyuk,
Parrish Damon A.,
Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201001243
Subject(s) - tatb , differential scanning calorimetry , detonation , yield (engineering) , elemental analysis , chemistry , infrared spectroscopy , energetic material , nitrogen , ion , analytical chemistry (journal) , crystallography , materials science , explosive material , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , physics , metallurgy
Abstract High‐density energetic salts that are comprised of nitrogen‐rich cations and the 3,4,5‐trinitropyrazolate anion were synthesized in high yield by neutralization or metathesis reactions. The resulting salts were fully characterized by 1 H, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the 3,5‐diaminotriazolium and triaminoguanidinium 3,4,5‐trinitropyrazolates were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Based on the measured densities and calculated heats of formation, the detonation performances (pressure: 23.74–31.89 GPa; velocity: 7586–8543 ms −1 ; Cheetah 5.0) of the 3,4,5‐trinitropyrazolate salts are comparable with 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB; 31.15 GPa and 8114 ms −1 ). Impact sensitivities were determined to be no less than 35 J by hammer tests, which places these salts in the insensitive class.