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Small Noncytotoxic Carbon Nano‐Onions: First Covalent Functionalization with Biomolecules
Author(s) -
Luszczyn Joanna,
PlonskaBrzezinska Marta E.,
Palkar Amit,
Dubis Alina T.,
Simionescu Agneta,
Simionescu Dan T.,
KalskaSzostko Beata,
Winkler Krzysztof,
Echegoyen Luis
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200903277
Subject(s) - surface modification , biomolecule , covalent bond , chemistry , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , surface plasmon resonance , carbon fibers , molecule , nanostructure , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , materials science , nanoparticle , organic chemistry , composite number , engineering , composite material
Small carbon nano‐onions (CNOs, 6–8 shells) were prepared in high yield and functionalized with carboxylic groups by chemical oxidation. After functionalization these nanostructures were soluble in aqueous solutions. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2 tetrazolium (MTS) tests showed excellent cytocompatibility of all CNOs analyzed at 30 and 300 μg mL −1 , so these carbon nanostructures can be safely used for biological applications. The first covalent functionalization of oxidized CNOs (ox‐CNOs) with biomolecules, by using biotin–avidin interactions is reported here. Multilayers were prepared on a gold surface by layer‐by‐layer assembly and the process was monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Covalent binding of molecules to the short amine‐terminated organosulfur monolayers was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using total attenuated reflactance mode (FT‐IR/HATR).