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Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Aldolase Catalyzed Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Polyhydroxylated Pyrrolidine Derivatives and Evaluation of their Glycosidase Inhibitory Properties
Author(s) -
Calveras Jordi,
EgidoGabás Meritxell,
Gómez Livia,
Casas Josefina,
Parella Teodor,
Joglar Jesús,
Bujons Jordi,
Clapés Pere
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200900838
Subject(s) - aldol reaction , aldolase a , dihydroxyacetone phosphate , chemistry , adduct , dhap , stereoselectivity , pyrrolidine , stereochemistry , dihydroxyacetone , biocatalysis , organic chemistry , catalysis , phosphate , enzyme , reaction mechanism , glycerol
The chemoenzymatic synthesis of a collection of pyrrolidine‐type iminosugars generated by the aldol addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to C‐α‐substituted N ‐Cbz‐2‐aminoaldehydes derivatives, catalyzed by DHAP aldolases is reported. L ‐Fuculose‐1‐phosphate aldolase (FucA) and L ‐rhamnulose‐1‐phosphate aldolase (RhuA) from E. coli were used as biocatalysts to generate configurational diversity on the iminosugars. Alkyl linear substitutions at C‐α were well tolerated by FucA catalyst (i.e., 40–70 % conversions to aldol adduct), whereas no product was observed with C‐α‐alkyl branched substitutions, except for dimethyl and benzyl substitutions (20 %). RhuA was the most versatile biocatalyst: C‐α‐alkyl linear groups gave the highest conversions to aldol adducts (60–99 %), while the C‐α‐alkyl branched ones gave moderate to good conversions (50–80 %), with the exception of dimethyl and benzyl substituents (20 %). FucA was the most stereoselective biocatalyst (90–100 % anti (3 R ,4 R ) adduct). RhuA was highly stereoselective with ( S )‐ N ‐Cbz‐2‐aminoaldehydes (90–100 % syn (i.e., 3 R ,4 S ) adduct), whereas those with R configuration gave mixtures of anti / syn adducts. For i Pr and i Bu substituents, RhuA furnished the anti adduct (i.e., FucA stereochemistry) with high stereoselectivity. Molecular models of aldol products with i Pr and i Bu substituents and as complexes with the RhuA active site suggest that the anti adducts could be kinetically preferred, while the syn adducts would be the equilibrium products. The polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines generated were tested as inhibitors against seven glycosidases. Among them, good inhibitors of α‐ L ‐fucosidase (IC 50 =1–20 μ M ), moderate of α‐ L ‐rhamnosidase (IC 50 =7–150 μ M ), and weak of α‐ D ‐mannosidase (IC 50 =80–400 μ M ) were identified. The apparent inhibition constant values ( K i ) were calculated for the most relevant inhibitors and computational docking studies were performed to understand both their binding capacity and the mode of interaction with the glycosidases.