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The Role of One‐Electron Reduction of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Causing DNA Damage
Author(s) -
Crean Conor,
Shao Jie,
Yun Byeong Hwa,
Geacintov Nicholas E.,
Shafirovich Vladimir
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200900500
Subject(s) - radical , chemistry , guanine , electrophile , dna damage , dna , photochemistry , one electron reduction , lipid peroxidation , solvated electron , radiolysis , antioxidant , organic chemistry , biochemistry , nucleotide , electrode , electrochemistry , gene , catalysis
Abstract The in vivo metabolism of plasma lipids generates lipid hydroperoxides that, upon one‐electron reduction, give rise to a wide spectrum of genotoxic unsaturated aldehydes and epoxides. These metabolites react with cellular DNA to form a variety of pre‐mutagenic DNA lesions. The mechanisms of action of the radical precursors of these genotoxic electrophiles are poorly understood. In this work we investigated the nature of DNA products formed by a one‐electron reduction of (13 S )‐hydroperoxy‐(9 Z ,11 E )‐octadecadienoic acid (13 S ‐HPODE), a typical lipid molecule, and the reactions of the free radicals thus generated with neutral guanine radicals, G(−H) . . A novel approach was devised to generate these intermediates in solution. The two‐photon‐induced ionization of 2‐aminopurine (2AP) within the 2′‐deoxyoligonucleotide 5′‐d(CC[2AP]TCGCTACC) by intense nanosecond 308 nm excimer laser pulses was employed to simultaneously generate hydrated electrons and radical cations 2AP .+ . The latter radicals either in cationic or neutral forms, rapidly oxidize the nearby G base to form G(−H) . . In deoxygenated buffer solutions (pH 7.5), the hydrated electrons rapidly reduce 13 S ‐HPODE and the highly unstable alkoxyl radicals formed undergo a prompt β‐scission to pentyl radicals that readily combine with G(−H) . . Two novel guanine products in these oligonucleotides, 8‐pentyl‐ and N 2 ‐pentylguanine, were identified. It is shown that the DNA secondary structure significantly affects the ratio of 8‐pentyl‐ and N 2 ‐pentylguanine lesions that changes from 0.9:1 in single‐stranded, to 1:0.2 in double‐stranded oligonucleotides. The alkylation of guanine by alkyl radicals derived from lipid hydroperoxides might contribute to the genotoxic modification of cellular DNA under hypoxic conditions. Thus, further research is warranted on the detection of pentylguanine lesions and other alkylguanines in vivo.