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Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Water‐Insoluble Porphyrin in Ionic Liquid: Direct Electrochemistry and Highly Sensitive Amperometric Biosensing for Trichloroacetic Acid
Author(s) -
Tu Wenwen,
Lei Jianping,
Ju Huangxian
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200801758
Subject(s) - ionic liquid , biosensor , porphyrin , amperometry , hexafluorophosphate , electrochemistry , carbon nanotube , detection limit , chemistry , dielectric spectroscopy , cyclic voltammetry , inorganic chemistry , materials science , electrode , organic chemistry , chromatography , nanotechnology , catalysis
Abstract A functional composite of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with hematin, a water‐insoluble porphyrin, was first prepared in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF 6 ]) ionic liquid. The novel composite in ionic liquid was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and showed a pair of direct redox peaks of the Fe III /Fe II couple. The composite–[BMIM][PF 6 ]‐modified glassy carbon electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in neutral media due to the synergic effect among SWNTs, [BMIM][PF 6 ], and porphyrin, which led to a highly sensitive and stable amperometric biosensor for TCA with a linear range from 9.0×10 −7 to 1.4×10 −4 M . The detection limit was 3.8×10 −7 M at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The TCA biosensor had good analytical performance, such as rapid response, good reproducibility, and acceptable accuracy, and could be successfully used for the detection of residual TCA in polluted water. The functional composite in ionic liquid provides a facile way to not only obtain the direct electrochemistry of water‐insoluble porphyrin, but also construct novel biosensors for monitoring analytes in real environmental samples.