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Engineering Nanorafts of Calixarene Polyphosphonates
Author(s) -
Clark Thomas E.,
Makha Mohamed,
Sobolev Alexandre N.,
Rohrs Henry,
Atwood Jerry L.,
Raston Colin L.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200701472
Subject(s) - calixarene , bilayer , crystallization , molecule , acetonitrile , hydrogen bond , yield (engineering) , chemistry , spinning , phase (matter) , materials science , chemical engineering , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , membrane , biochemistry , engineering , metallurgy
The water‐soluble calix[4]arene bearing p ‐substituted phosphonic acid groups is accessible in five steps in overall 62 % yield, with the hydrogen‐bonding prowess of the acidic groups dominating its self‐assembly processes. These include the formation of 3.0(3) nm and 20(2) nm nanorafts of the calixarene in water using spinning disc processing, stabilized by acetonitrile, and nanorafts in the gas phase (≤20 molecules). The 20(2) nm particles transform into 3.0(3) nm particles prior to crystallization into a compact bilayer, whereas crystallization in the presence of large organic molecules gives an expanded bilayer interposed by layers of water molecules.