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Zr‐T UD ‐1: A Lewis Acidic, Three‐Dimensional, Mesoporous, Zirconium‐Containing Catalyst
Author(s) -
Ramanathan Anand,
Castro Villalobos M. Carmen,
Kwakernaak Cees,
Telalovic Selvedin,
Hanefeld Ulf
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200700725
Subject(s) - zirconium , catalysis , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , lewis acids and bases , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , mesoporous material , inorganic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , sorption , chemistry , silicate , mesoporous silica , pyridine , materials science , adsorption , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering
A three‐dimensional, mesoporous, silicate containing zirconium, Zr‐TUD‐1, was synthesized by a direct hydrothermal treatment method with triethanolamine as a complexing and templating reagent to ensure that zirconium was incorporated as isolated atoms. The mesoporosity of Zr‐TUD‐1 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 sorption and high‐resolution transmission electron micrograph (HR‐TEM) studies. The nature and strength of the Lewis acid sites present in Zr‐TUD‐1 were evaluated by FTIR studies of pyridine adsorption and temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia. FTIR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies showed that, at Si/Zr ratios of 25 and higher, all the zirconium was tetrahedrally incorporated into the mesoporous framework, while at low Si/Zr ratios, a small part of the zirconium was present as ZrO 2 nanoparticles. Zr‐TUD‐1 is a Lewis acidic, stable and recyclable catalyst for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reaction and for the Prins reaction.