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Preorganized Bis‐Zinc Phosphodiester Cleavage Catalysts Possessing Natural Ligands: A Lesson Pertinent to Bimetallic Artificial Enzymes
Author(s) -
Worm Karen,
Chu Feiya,
Matsumoto Kazunari,
Best Michael D.,
Lynch Vincent,
Anslyn Eric V.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200390082
Subject(s) - phosphodiester bond , chemistry , zinc , cooperativity , bimetallic strip , catalysis , cleavage (geology) , ligand (biochemistry) , combinatorial chemistry , stereochemistry , steric effects , rna , receptor , organic chemistry , biochemistry , biology , fracture (geology) , gene , paleontology
Two preorganized bis‐zinc receptors ( 2 and 3 ) were synthesized wherein the metals were ligated with ligands present in natural phosphodiesterases: imidazoles and carboxylates. The intrametallic distance is near 4.5 Å, that found in natural nucleases and other successful artificial nucleases. With only two imidazoles ( 2 ), the zinc binding affinities were not high enough to achieve cooperativity. Yet, with a third ligand, a carboxylate ( 3 ), cooperativity was found in the cleavage of HPNPP. The preorganization of 3 was achieved using a “steric gearing” strategy. The enhancement was 80‐fold for cooperation between the two metals relative to a mono‐metallic analogue ( 5 ). However, there was no observable enhancement in the hydrolysis of RNA using 3 relative to 5 . Therefore, we conclude that placing two zinc atoms that are ligated with natural ligands at the appropriate distance for catalysis is not sufficient to enhance the cleavage of RNA, but is successful for activated RNA substrate mimics.