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First Systematic Investigation of CH⋅⋅⋅Cl Hydrogen Bonding Using Inorganic Supramolecular Synthons: Lamellar, Stitched Stair‐Case, Linked‐Ladder, and Helical Structures
Author(s) -
Balamurugan V.,
Hundal Maninder Singh,
Mukherjee Rabindranath
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200305701
Subject(s) - supramolecular chemistry , crystallography , synthon , hydrogen bond , chemistry , non covalent interactions , stacking , pentagonal bipyramidal molecular geometry , lamellar structure , crystal engineering , tetramer , denticity , crystal structure , stereochemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , enzyme
Using a group of six neutral M II Cl 2 ‐containing coordination compounds as building blocks, the first systematic investigation of CH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen‐bonding interactions was performed. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses of four new compounds (pseudo‐tetrahedral Co II and Zn II ; distorted trigonal bipyramidal Zn II ) authenticate the metal coordination geometry. To provide a unified view of the presence of noncovalent interactions in this class of compounds, we have re‐examined the packing diagram of two previously reported compounds (a distorted square‐pyramidal Cu II complex and a trans ‐octahedral Co II complex). The organic ligands of our choice comprise bidentate/tridentate pyrazolylmethylpyridines and an unsymmetrical tridentate pyridylalkylamine. This systematic investigation has allowed us to demonstrate the existence of versatile CH⋅⋅⋅Cl 2 M interactions and to report the successful application of such units as inorganic supramolecular synthons. Additional noncovalent interactions such as CH⋅⋅⋅O and OH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions have also been identified. Formation of novel supramolecular architectures has been revealed: 2D lamellar ( p ‐cyclophane) and 3D lamellar, 3D “stitched staircase” (due to additional hydrogen‐bonding interactions by water tetramers, with an average OO bond length in the tetramer unit of 2.926 Å, acting as “molecular clips” between staircases), 3D linked ladder, and single‐stranded 1D helix.