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Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Study of the Rearrangement of the Valeramide Radical Cation
Author(s) -
Semialjac Marija,
Schröder Detlef,
Schwarz Helmut
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.200305127
Subject(s) - chemistry , conformational isomerism , intramolecular force , molecular dynamics , dissociation (chemistry) , transition state , activation energy , isomerization , crystallography , computational chemistry , stereochemistry , molecule , catalysis , organic chemistry
Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) studies of neutral ( 1 ) and ionized ( 1 + . ) valeramide are performed with the aim of providing a rationalization for the unusual temperature effect on the dissociation pattern of 1 + . observed in mass spectrometric experiments. According to CPMD simulations of neutral valeramide 1 performed at approximately 500 K, the conformation with the fully relaxed carbon backbone predominates (96 %). Conformational changes involving folding of the carbon backbone into conformers that would allow intramolecular H transfers are predicted not to take place spontaneously at this temperature because of the barrier heights associated with these transitions (3.5 and 6.9 kcal mol −1 ), which cannot be overcome by thermal motion alone. For 1 + . , CPMD simulations performed at ≈300 K reveal a substantial stability of a conformation in which the carbon backbone is fully relaxed; no reaction is observed even after 7 ps. However, when conformers with already folded carbon‐backbones are used as initial geometries in the CPMD simulations, the γ ‐hydrogen migration (McLafferty rearrangement resulting in C 3 H 6 ) is already completed within 2 ps. For this important process, the free activation energy associated with both a required conformational change and the subsequent H transfer equals 4.5 kcal mol −1 , while for the formally related δ ‐H shift (which eventually gives rise to the elimination of C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 5 . ) it amounts to 7.0 kcal mol −1 . Since the barriers associated with conformational changes are energetically more demanding than those of the corresponding hydrogen transfers, 1 + . is essentially trapped by conformational barriers and long‐lived at ≈300 K. At elevated temperatures (500 K), the preferred reaction (within 7.3 ps) in the CPMD simulation corresponds to the McLafferty rearrangement. The estimated free activation energy associated with this process amounts to 2.5 kcal mol −1 , while the free activation energy for the δ ‐H transfer equals 4.4 kcal mol −1 . This relatively small free activation energy for the McLafferty rearrangement might cause dissociation of a substantial fraction of 1 + . prior to the time‐delayed mass selection, which would reduce the C 3 /C 2 ratio in the experiments conducted with metastable ions that have a lifetime in the order of some μs at a source temperature of 500 K.