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Calix[4]Arene Podands and Barrelands Incorporating 2,2″‐Bipyridine Moieties and Their Lanthanide Complexes: Luminescence Properties
Author(s) -
Ulrich Gilles,
Ziessel Raymond,
Manet Ilse,
Guardigli Massimo,
Sabbatini Nanda,
Fraternali Franca,
Wipff Georges
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.19970031114
Subject(s) - lanthanide , chemistry , chromophore , bipyridine , cryptand , molecule , luminescence , crystallography , 2,2' bipyridine , ligand (biochemistry) , photochemistry , polymer chemistry , ion , crystal structure , materials science , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , biochemistry , receptor
A new family of cone‐shaped podands and barrel‐shaped cryptands based on calix[4]arenes incorporating 5,5′‐substituted 2,2′‐bipyridine subunits were prepared and characterized. The Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ complexes of the podands bearing two, three, or four bipyridine chromophores could be isolated. High molar absorption coefficients (ε max = 39 600M −1 cm −1 for Eu4 and 26 700M −1 cm −1 for Eu3 ) and high metal luminescence quantum yields (16% for Eu4 and 15% for Eu3 ) were obtained. Molecular dynamics simulations on Eu4 showed that the bipyridine arms wrap around the lanthanide cation, efficiently shielding the cation from solvent molecules. In the presence of chloride counter‐ions the fourth bipyridine arms does not coordinate the lanthanide ion. Ligands bearing two bipyridine units and two additional functional groups—ethyl butyrate or N ‐propylpyrrole—did not give stable lanthanide complexes. The barre‐land containing two calix[4]arene moieties and four bipyridine groups did not form complexes with lanthanide ions, most probably because of the rigidity of the ligand.