Open AccessGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 )‐based nanosized heteroarrays: Promising materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Author(s) -
Wang Liqun,
Si Wenping,
Tong Yueyu,
Hou Feng,
Pergolesi Daniele,
Hou Jungang,
Lippert Thomas,
Dou Shi Xue,
Liang Ji
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
carbon energy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2637-9368
DOI - 10.1002/cey2.48
Subject(s) - water splitting , heterojunction , materials science , graphitic carbon nitride , nanotechnology , absorption (acoustics) , nitride , carbon nitride , photocatalysis , visible spectrum , photocatalytic water splitting , fabrication , hydrogen production , optoelectronics , hydrogen , catalysis , chemistry , biochemistry , layer (electronics) , composite material , medicine , alternative medicine , organic chemistry , pathology
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is recognized as a sustainable strategy for hydrogen generation due to its abundant hydrogen source, utilization of inexhaustible solar energy, high‐purity product, and environment‐friendly process. To actualize a practical PEC water splitting, it is paramount to develop efficient, stable, safe, and low‐cost photoelectrode materials. Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) has aroused a great interest in the new generation photoelectrode materials because of its unique features, such as suitable band structure for water splitting, a certain range of visible light absorption, nontoxicity, and good stability. Some inherent defects of g‐C 3 N 4 , however, seriously impair further improvement on PEC performance, including low electronic conductivity, high recombination rate of photogenerated charges, and limited visible light absorption at long wavelength range. Construction of g‐C 3 N 4 ‐based nanosized heteroarrays as photoelectrodes has been regarded as a promising strategy to circumvent these inherent limitations and achieve the high‐performance PEC water splitting due to the accelerated exciton separation and the reduced combination of photogenerated electrons/holes. Herein, we summarize in detail the latest progress of g‐C 3 N 4 ‐based nanosized heteroarrays in PEC water‐splitting photoelectrodes. Firstly, the unique advantages of this type of photoelectrodes, including the highly ordered nanoarray architectures and the heterojunctions, are highlighted. Then, different g‐C 3 N 4 ‐based nanosized heteroarrays are comprehensively discussed, in terms of their fabrication methods, PEC capacities, and mechanisms, etc. To conclude, the key challenges and possible solutions for future development on g‐C 3 N 4 ‐based nanosized heteroarray photoelectrodes are discussed.