Open AccessProcessing and properties of PSZT 95/5 ceramics with varying Ti and Nb substitution
Author(s) -
Neuman Eric W.,
Anselmo Nicholas,
Meyer Amber,
Grier Sophie,
Diantonio Christopher B.,
Rodriguez Mark A.,
Torres Rose,
Brane Brian,
Griego James G.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
international journal of ceramic engineering and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2578-3270
DOI - 10.1002/ces2.10160
Subject(s) - materials science , phase transition , phase boundary , niobium , ceramic , orthorhombic crystal system , mineralogy , analytical chemistry (journal) , phase (matter) , crystallography , metallurgy , crystal structure , thermodynamics , chemistry , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography
Niobium doped lead‐tin‐zirconate‐titanate ceramics near the PZT 95/5 orthorhombic AFE – rhombohedral FE morphotropic phase boundary Pb 1‐0.5y (Zr 0.865‐x Ti x Sn 0.135 ) 1‐y Nb y O 3 were prepared according to a 2 2+1 factorial design with x = 0.05, 0.07 and y = 0.0155, 0.0195. The ceramics were prepared by a traditional solid‐state synthesis route and sintered to near full density at 1250°C for 6 h. All compositions were ∼98% dense with no detectable secondary phases by X‐ray diffraction. The ceramics exhibited equiaxed grains with intergranular porosity, and grain size was ∼5 µm, decreasing with niobium substitution. Compositions exhibited remnant polarization values of ∼32 µC/cm2, increasing with Ti substitution. Depolarization by the hydrostatic pressure induced FE‐AFE phase transition was drastically affected by variation of the Ti and Nb substitution, increasing at a rate of 113 MPa /1% Ti and 21 MPa/1% Nb. Total depolarization output was insensitive to the change in Ti and Nb substitution, ∼32.8 µC/cm2 for the PSZT ceramics. The R3c‐R3m and R3m‐Pm3m phase transition temperatures on heating ranged from 90 to 105°C and 183 to 191°C, respectively. Ti substitution stabilized the R3c and R3m phases to higher temperatures, while Nb substitution stabilized the Pm3m phase to lower temperatures. Thermal hysteresis of the phase transitions was also observed in the ceramics, with transition temperature on cooling being as much as 10°C lower.