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A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes
Author(s) -
Jach Franziska,
Wassner Maximilian,
Bamberg Max,
Brendler Erica,
Frisch Gero,
Wunderwald Ulrike,
Friedrich Jochen
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.202100183
Subject(s) - acetamide , graphite , electrolyte , ionic liquid , battery (electricity) , raman spectroscopy , electrochemistry , eutectic system , inorganic chemistry , materials science , urea , chemical engineering , chemistry , organic chemistry , electrode , alloy , catalysis , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , optics , engineering
Abstract Al‐ion batteries employing natural graphite cathodes have been proposed as a valid alternative to Li‐ion systems due to their low‐cost and sustainability, as well as a stable long‐term cycle life. In contrast to commonly used but typically expensive ionic‐liquid‐based electrolytes, our reported Al‐graphite batteries use AlCl 3 /urea and AlCl 3 /acetamide deep eutectic solvents (DES, also known as ionic liquid analogues) as low‐cost alternative. By carefully selecting amide composition, Al speciation in the DES electrolyte can be modified, as confirmed by Raman, NMR and IR spectroscopy. We correlate the speciation changes to resulting battery performance by systematic electrochemical investigations of Al‐graphite batteries employing urea and acetamide eutectics of different compositions. The practical applicability was demonstrated using long‐term cycling experiments with >8000 cycles, exhibiting a specific capacity of around 50 mAh/g at a current rate of 2 A/g.