Premium
Insights into the Charge Storage Mechanism of Li 3 VO 4 Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Asakura Ryo,
Bolli Christoph,
Novák Petr,
Robert Rosa
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.202000161
Subject(s) - anode , materials science , ion , phase (matter) , charge (physics) , conductivity , diffraction , state of charge , lithium (medication) , electrode , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , chemistry , thermodynamics , battery (electricity) , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , engineering , optics , medicine , power (physics) , endocrinology
Ball‐milled Li 3 VO 4 (LVO) offers higher practical specific charge values and better cycle stability than the pristine, μm‐scale material due to improved electronic conductivity within the electrode. Although the theoretical specific charge of LVO is estimated to be 592 mAh g −1 , its practical reversible specific charge retains 220 mAh g −1 (1.12 Li + ) on long‐term cycling. At a very low rate of C/200 (=3 mA g −1 ), ball‐milled Li 3 VO 4 ‐based anodes accomplish an almost full lithiation state of x =2.97 Li + in Li 3+ x VO 4 . At the end of the first delithiation, the recovered LVO phase is able to only reversibly (de)lithiate about 1.8 Li + in the following cycles. A careful investigation of the charge storage mechanism of LVO by operando X‐ray diffraction revealed that the irreversible specific charge “loss” in the first cycle is mainly associated with an irreversible structural transformation via an intermediate phase on the first lithiation of LVO that leads to clear mechanistic differences in the reaction pathways between the first lithiation and delithiation.