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Titanium as a Substrate for Three‐Dimensional Hybrid Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications
Author(s) -
Lu Xubin,
Li Fan,
Steimecke Matthias,
Tariq Muhammad,
Hartmann Mark,
Bron Michael
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201901896
Subject(s) - vanadium , cyclic voltammetry , materials science , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , titanium , substrate (aquarium) , redox , scanning electron microscope , raman spectroscopy , carbon nanotube , chemical engineering , flow battery , electrochemistry , electrode , electrocatalyst , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , chemistry , electrolyte , composite material , metallurgy , oceanography , physics , optics , chromatography , engineering , geology
Titanium, either in the form of a Ti foil or in form of a Ti mesh, was used as a novel substrate to grow nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) through chemical vapor deposition at moderate temperatures over electrodeposited iron particles. The thus‐prepared high‐surface‐area electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance towards the V(IV)/V(V) redox couple was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The parameters for iron particle electrodeposition were adjusted towards high and uniform substrate coverage. Nanotube growth from acetonitrile at moderate temperatures (600 °C) led to N‐containing CNTs with a high amount of graphitic nitrogen. NCNTs grown over Ti substrates provide promising performances towards the V(IV)/V(V) as well as the V(III)/V(IV) redox pair. In general, the results of this study show that Ti might be a suitable electrocatalyst substrate for various applications in electrochemical energy conversion.