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Star‐Shaped Gold Nanoparticles as Friendly Interfaces for Protein Electrochemistry: the Case Study of Cytochrome c
Author(s) -
Silveira Célia M.,
Zumpano Rosaceleste,
Moreira Miguel,
Almeida Miguel Peixoto,
Oliveira Maria João,
Bento Marina,
Montez Cláudia,
Paixão Inês,
Franco Ricardo,
Pereira Eulália,
Almeida M. Gabriela
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201901393
Subject(s) - pyrolytic carbon , electrochemistry , highly oriented pyrolytic graphite , cytochrome c , electrode , electron transfer , surface modification , colloidal gold , conjugated system , graphite , materials science , nanoparticle , adsorption , chemical engineering , chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , nanotechnology , photochemistry , organic chemistry , polymer , biochemistry , pyrolysis , engineering , mitochondrion
Gold nanostars with an average tip‐to‐tip length of 52±6 nm were functionalized with different capping agents and used as electrode modification materials for protein electrochemistry. Direct electron transfer between cytochrome c and nanostar‐coated pyrolytic graphite electrodes was observed with the protein in solution. The electrochemical response was improved at nanostars functionalized with a 1 : 1 mixture of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid in comparison with gold nanospheres coated with a similar functionalization. Further immobilization of cytochrome c on pyrolytic graphite while conjugated with the same nanostars guaranteed the maintenance of the protein's native properties, whereas direct adsorption on the bare or nanostar‐modified electrodes resulted in an altered conformational state. The pseudo‐peroxidase activity of the altered cytochrome c was enhanced in the presence of the nanostars.