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Citric Acid Assisted Solid State Synthesis of V 2 O 3 , V 2 O 3 /C and V 2 O 3 /Graphene Composites for Li‐ion Battery Anode Applications
Author(s) -
Petnikota Shaikshavali,
Toh Jun Jie,
Li Jia Yang,
Chua Rodney,
Srinivasan Madhavi
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201801244
Subject(s) - citric acid , crystallinity , electrochemistry , nuclear chemistry , materials science , ammonium metavanadate , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , inorganic chemistry , electrode , crystallography , vanadium , organic chemistry , chromatography
A series of V 2 O 3, V 2 O 3 /C and V 2 O 3 /G composite powders are prepared by simply annealing the reaction mixture containing ammonium metavanadate (0.1 M), reduced graphene oxide (rGO, 0.1 M) and citric acid (CA, 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 M) at 500 °C for 8 h under Ar flow. A variety of characterization techniques are used to investigate the structural, physiochemical features and electrochemical performance of the powders. The reaction mixture without rGO led to the formation of V 2 O 3 at 0.1 M of CA and V 2 O 3 /C at 0.3 and 0.5 M of CA. As anodes of lithium‐ion coin cell batteries, V 2 O 3 , V 2 O 3 /C and V 2 O 3 /G composite electrodes exhibit an increase in capacity with increasing concentrations of CA. The increase in capacity is mainly attributed to the carbonization of CA and the declining crystallinity of V 2 O 3 . V 2 O 3 /C and V 2 O 3 /G prepared at 0.5 M of CA outperformed all other control compounds. The V 2 O 3 /C and V 2 O 3 /G delivered reversible capacities of 585 and 420 mAh g −1 respectively, during the first cycle with a current density of 50 mA g −1 . The respective capacities after few initial cycles continuously increased to 608 and 463 mAh g −1 at the end of the 100 th cycle.