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Signal‐Amplified Analysis of Molecular Layers Prepared through Bipolar Electrochemistry
Author(s) -
Shida Naoki,
Kitamura Fusao,
Fuchigami Toshio,
Tomita Ikuyoshi,
Inagi Shinsuke
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201500350
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , surface modification , indium tin oxide , materials science , polymer , electrolysis , layer (electronics) , polymerization , analytical chemistry (journal) , cyclic voltammetry , layer by layer , aryl , electrochemistry , chemistry , electrode , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , composite material , organic chemistry , electrolyte , engineering , alkyl
In this article, we investigate the surface modification of an indium tin oxide (ITO) plate as a bipolar electrode (BPE) by bipolar electrolysis with the well‐established electrochemistry of aryl diazonium salts. To study in detail the formation behavior of a molecular layer of the aryl groups, we employ two different approaches, namely, the direct analysis of the layer and the indirect analysis based on the idea of signal amplification by the surface‐initiated polymerization (SIP) technique. For the direct analysis, we made X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of the molecular layer and find that the amount of the aryl group introduced is in a gradient manner, reflecting the potential slope generated on the BPE. After the SIP process, signals amplified by the grafting polymers can be detected by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IR–RAS) and film thickness measurement with a stylus‐type tester. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement of the surface of the polymer brush was also carried out. These indirect methods afford detailed information on the modification behavior of the original molecular layer prepared through the bipolar electrolysis process.