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Effect of Synthesis Parameters on the Electrochemical Properties of High‐Surface‐Area Mesoporous Titanium Oxide with Polypyrrole Nanowires in the Pores
Author(s) -
Smith Luke A. C.,
Romer Frederick,
Trudeau Michel L.,
Smith Mark E.,
Hanna John V.,
Antonelli David M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201402296
Subject(s) - materials science , mesoporous material , polypyrrole , titanium , composite number , chemical engineering , electrochemistry , specific surface area , nanowire , lithium (medication) , amorphous solid , cathode , polymer , surface modification , oxide , electrode , nanotechnology , composite material , chemistry , polymerization , catalysis , organic chemistry , endocrinology , engineering , metallurgy , medicine
This paper describes the synthesis and characterisation of high‐surface‐area mesoporous titanium oxides with polypyrrole nanowires within the pores, and the subsequent variation of synthesis parameters such as polymer‐loading level and pore size to improve performance. These modifications are employed to improve the electron conductivity of the amorphous host and exploit the high internal surface areas of over 800 m 2 g −1 for potential use as a lithium battery cathode material, once fully optimised, with fast charge‐transfer kinetics expected from the proximity of the vast majority of the redox sites at, or near, the surface of the inner pore walls. A full structural characterisation, in addition to electrochemical assessments, of the composite materials is presented and compared to the pristine mesoporous titanium oxide hosts. The best synthesis conditions were achieved with 5 % polymer loading and the largest pore sized host materials. Excessive polymer loading and smaller pore sizes lead to decreased performance, possibly due to inhibition of Li + transport. The C 18 templated TiO 2 composite produced the best capacity retention at 58 % retention, and the C 12 composite produced the highest initial capacity of 170 mAh g −1 by using a current density of 1 mAcm −2 .