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Surfactant‐Assisted Sol–Gel Synthesis of Nanostructured Ruthenium‐Doped Lithium Iron Phosphate as a Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Gao Yuan,
Li Li,
Peng Hui,
Wei Zidong
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201402247
Subject(s) - dielectric spectroscopy , lithium (medication) , electrochemistry , cyclic voltammetry , materials science , scanning electron microscope , lithium iron phosphate , pulmonary surfactant , transmission electron microscopy , inorganic chemistry , cathode , sol gel , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , chemistry , electrode , composite material , medicine , engineering , endocrinology
Uniform submicro‐sized LiFePO 4 /C and LiFe 0.99 Ru 0.01 PO 4 /C cathode materials are synthesized by using a surfactant‐assisted sol–gel method. The surfactant plays a key role in the synthesis, which acts as a blocking agent preventing and minimizing the agglomeration of the lithium iron phosphates particles. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the samples are characterized by X‐ray spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that Ru doping promotes Li + diffusion velocity and electrochemical conductivity of LiFe 0.99 Ru 0.01 PO 4 /C, thus displaying outstanding electrochemical performance. In comparison with the undoped LiFePO 4 /C, LiFe 0.99 Ru 0.01 PO 4 /C exhibits excellent specific capacity and high rate capability with discharge capacity of 162 mAh g −1 , 117 mAh g −1 and 107 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, 5 C and 10 C, respectively.