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Dense Array of Nanoparticles as a Large‐Area Nanoelectrode for Sensors: An Oxymoron Mesomaterial?
Author(s) -
Lee SeungWoo,
Lee EunHee,
Saraf Ravi F.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemelectrochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 59
ISSN - 2196-0216
DOI - 10.1002/celc.201402146
Subject(s) - percolation (cognitive psychology) , monolayer , electrode , nanoparticle , materials science , nanotechnology , nanoscopic scale , diffusion , chemical physics , chemistry , physics , neuroscience , biology , thermodynamics
Compared to redox reactions at large electrodes, those at nanoscale electrodes are controlled by kinetics rather than diffusion, thus resulting in responses that are orders of magnitude faster at higher sensitivity. To avoid interference by diffusion‐flux domains of adjacent particles, for monolayers of nanoparticles as individual electrodes, the area coverage should be below approximately 10 %, which is well below the percolation threshold of 45 %. Conducting monolayer arrays consisting of a network of one‐dimensional necklaces of 10 nm Au particles with 54 to 26 % area coverage are shown to behave like ultramicroelectrodes and nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). The reconciliation of the two opposing requirements of high and low coverage for percolation and NEE behavior, respectively, is attributed to the necklace‐network topology.