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Characterization and Elemental Quantification of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced from Cow Bone
Author(s) -
Akindoyo John O.,
Ghazali Suriati,
Beg Mohammad D. H.,
Jeyaratnam Nitthiyah
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemical engineering and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.403
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-4125
pISSN - 0930-7516
DOI - 10.1002/ceat.201800636
Subject(s) - thermogravimetric analysis , calcination , elemental analysis , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , spectroscopy , characterization (materials science) , materials science , infrared spectroscopy , sulfur , scanning electron microscope , fluorescence spectroscopy , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , fluorescence , nanotechnology , environmental chemistry , metallurgy , inorganic chemistry , catalysis , organic chemistry , physics , engineering , composite material , quantum mechanics
The demand for hydroxyapatite (HA) is increasing annually due to the growing number of orthopedic patients, but it is a challenge to meet this growing demand without interfering with the integrity of the environment. Here, natural HA was produced from cow bone through ultrasound treatment followed by a calcination process at various temperatures. Characterization of the produced HA was performed by techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The elemental composition of the HA was quantified through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, as well as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur (CHNS) analysis. The results demonstrate that pure HA was produced after calcination at 950 °C, corresponding to pure HA phase.