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Fabrication of Bone Scaffolds from Cockle Shell Waste
Author(s) -
Saharudin Siti Hajar,
Shariffuddin Jun Haslinda,
Nordin Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemical engineering and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.403
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-4125
pISSN - 0930-7516
DOI - 10.1002/ceat.201800518
Subject(s) - cockle , scanning electron microscope , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , materials science , scaffold , chemical engineering , biomedical engineering , shell (structure) , matrix (chemical analysis) , composite material , chemistry , medicine , fishery , engineering , biology
Bone scaffold is a three‐dimensional structure composed of materials that could enhance bone regeneration. Bone scaffolds were prepared using freeze‐drying by varying the cockle shell powder concentration where sodium alginate acted as matrix. The scaffolds were then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, texture analyzer, and liquid displacement method. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated by immersion into a simulated body fluid solution. Cockle shell powder concentrations affected the bone scaffold characteristics. The increment of the powder concentrations improved the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of the scaffolds.