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Metal Ion‐Catalyzed Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Calcium Lignosulfonate in Subcritical Water
Author(s) -
Liu Chao,
Xu Jiahuan,
Hu Jun,
Zhang Huiyan,
Xiao Rui
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemical engineering and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.403
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-4125
pISSN - 0930-7516
DOI - 10.1002/ceat.201600650
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , liquefaction , metal , calcium , inorganic chemistry , metal ions in aqueous solution , hydrothermal liquefaction , hydrogen , product distribution , carbon fibers , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , materials science , composite number , composite material , engineering
Three metal ion catalysts, namely, Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ , were tested to improve liquefaction of calcium lignosulfonate, and their effects on product distribution were specifically investigated. Results showed that metal ion catalysts favored the production of hydrogen as well as of phenolic compounds. The total contents of phenolic compounds catalyzed by metal ions were generally higher than 75 %. The catalysis abilities of Na + and K + were better than that of Ca 2+ . The neutral‐alkaline condition was much more beneficial to calcium lignosulfonate liquefaction. Compared to the hydrochars with Na + and K + catalysts, the hydrochars with Ca 2+ catalyst had higher carbon content and a higher heating value.